5/24/2023 0 Comments Marwa oswan![]() ![]() In addition, deficit water irrigation increased phenols and flavonoids under drought stress in wheat plants. An increase in wheat proteins of shoots cultivated under stress caused by a shortage water was reported. Proteins are biomolecules of primary importance for all physiological processes in the plant cell. Under a water shortage, sugars can replace water even more than proline which acts as a hydration shell surrounding biomolecules. Under drought stress, wheat plants accumulate “Osmolytes” such as sugars and amino acids to manage water absorption. Drought changes widely range from morphological stages to molecular levels in several growth stages. Drought (water deficit) is considered one of the most significant abiotic stresses resulting in remarkable decreases in the growth of plants and productivity. The irrigation water deficit influences crops’ growth and productivity. Reducing water irrigation is an effective means of irrigation management under water deficit conditions. Since wheat can grow in arid and semiarid areas, irrigation management is essential. In the last decade, about 65 million ha of wheat productivity was influenced by a water shortage. Wheat ranks third internationally and is used as a fundamental food grain for rural and urban cultures providing farmers with straw for animal feed. The primary national goal is wheat breeding by raising the productivity per unit area and expanding the planted area in recently reclaimed lands. ![]() Wheat is considered one of the most economical and valuable grain crops. Wheat plants are cultivated by humans in widely extended areas. The Gramineae family includes wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) crop. In conclusion, priming wheat grains with putrescine effectively induces protective mechanisms against water stress and improves wheat plants’ physiological attributes and yield components. Moreover, variations in the protein profile of wheat plants were due to drought conditions and putrescine application. Moreover, pretreatment with putrescine improved chlorophyll a (13.3%), chlorophyll b (70.3%), carotenoids (61.8%), soluble sugars (49.1%), amino acids (42.7%), phenols (52.4%), number of spikelets (59.3%), number of grains (81.1%), and weight of spike (45.4%). Putrescine at (1 mM) achieved the highest increase in plant height (38.8%), root length (50%), leaves number (166%), tillers number (80%), flag leaf area (70.3%), shoot fresh weight (99.4%), shoot dry weight (98.4%), root fresh weight (97.8%), root dry weight (210%) compared to the untreated plants. ![]() In addition, drought decreased the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, free amino acids, and total phenols, while applying putrescine enhanced wheat plant growth performance in normal or drought conditions. Drought stress decreased spike length (28.6%), number of spikelets (15.6%), number of grains (30.3%), the weight of the spike (23.5%), and the weight of the grains/spike (37.5%). However, applying putrescine, especially at (1 mM), enhanced wheat growth performance in normal or water-deficit conditions. Drought conditions declined plant height, fresh and dry weights, leaves and tillers numbers, and flag leaf area. The study assessed the impact of drought (50% water irrigation and 100% water irrigation), priming of grains in putrescine (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mM), and their interactions on the growth, yield, and physiological attributes of wheat plants. Plant stress tolerance is intimately related to growth regulators of plants as polyamines. Drought stress is a significant environmental variable affecting wheat growth and development.
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